Michael Jackson's Death 'Was A Homicide, Rules LA Coroner

The Los Angeles coroner has ruled Michael Jackson's death as a homicide, U.S. law enforcement sources have claimed. The news came as court papers revealed the coroner had found lethal levels of the powerful anaesthetic propofol in the pop star's body

The finding makes it more likely that criminal charges will be filed against the singer's personal doctor Conrad Murray, who was with Jackson when he died.

A law enforcement official, who wished to remain anonymous, said the coroner determined a fatal combination of drugs was given to Jackson hours before he died in his rented Los Angeles mansion. Forensic tests found the powerful anesthetic propofol in Jackson's system along with two sedatives, the official said.

'The Los Angeles Chief Medical Examiner-Coroner, Dr. Sathyavagiswaran, indicated that he had reviewed the preliminary toxicology results and his preliminary assessment of Jackson's cause of death was due to lethal levels of propofol (diprivan),' according to a search warrant affidavit for Murray issued by California.

The document was released by the Harris County District Clerk in Houston, where Dr Murray has offices, which U.S. Agents raided on July 22, looking for evidence of manslaughter.

Dr Murray told detectives he gave the late King of Pop the drug to treat insomnia for about six weeks, the Los Angeles Times reported. The newspaper cited a newly unsealed affidavit accompanying a search warrant used in the investigation of Jackson's death. According to court records, Dr Murray had been giving Jackson 50 milligrams of propofol every night using an intravenous line.

But fearing that the singer was becoming addicted to the drug, Dr Murray said he began trying to wean Jackson off propofol. He lowered the dosage to 25 milligrams and mixed it with two other sedatives, lorazepam and midazolam.

Two days before Jackson's death, Dr Murray administered just the two sedatives and not the propofol. According to the affidavit obtained the LA Times, on the morning Jackson died, Dr Murray tried to induce sleep without using propofol, and tried valium at 1.30am.

But it did not work. The doctor then tried giving Jackson various drugs until 10.40am when the singer demanded propofol. Dr Murray told detectives he was not the first doctor to give Jackson propofol, the court documents stated.

The doctor said he repeatedly asked Jackson which other doctors were treating him and what drugs they were prescribing, but the singer refused to reveal the details. Dr Murray said he noticed injection marks on Jackson's hands and feet, which the star told him was a 'cocktail' to help him, the affidavit revealed.

Jackson suffered cardiac arrest and died on June 25 at age 50. Since then, police have probed his death in an investigation that appears focused on the use of prescription drugs and the role of doctors who treated him, including his personal doctor.

An autopsy report in to Jackons' death remains sealed while police complete their investigation into the role prescription drugs may have played in his death and the actions of his doctors.

Diving With Juri Guinness Book of World Records,

Lucia
dream
Bunaken Near UK

One of the Sail Bunaken is a series of record breaking dive bloodshed. Because the target to enter Guinness Book of World Records, the institution of the jury shall sit in. He is the original English Sinigagliesi Lucia.


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AS jury, Luci not only observe. He even participated in the dive Malalayang Beach, Manado, Sunday and Monday (16-17 August).

He even seemed not wait to dive right to the seabed Bunaken is famous among international divers. Once up on the location, he was immediately put on equipment.

They seemed more withdrawn and avoid publication. Throughout the trip in a boat to deliver the location of dives, she was more silent. Without a few words, he immediately smth mungilnya body to the sea.

From gerakannya in the sea, he seemed to enjoy the event. Moreover, not dive in too, he were already a wide variety of colorful fish. Bunaken''If it is close to the UK, I will be here more often,''he said, after the complete submersion.

Approximately half an hour Lucia diving in Bunaken. Gradually, he dived on the side of cliffs in the sea. Start ten meters to 20 meters from the sea surface. He felt quite at the depth of the chute and directly to the surface.

Besides impressed with the beauty of Bunaken sea, Lucia said impressed with the hospitality community Manado. ''Almost every person here greet with the smile,''he said.

Special record breaking dive related bloodshed was, he confessed wrapper. According to him, not easy to collect and organize hundreds of divers. ''Not easy work,''he said.

As the people of the Western world is a cold, one of the attraction is the sun shine all year round. Lucia also take advantage of the visit to Indonesia this time it up with the sun bathing.

It was made in the return trip from the dive in Bunaken. Along the way home he merelakan body disengat lie in the sun with the boat deck.

Way, he hopes that the skin can be more black. Try''See, my hands are black,''he said while showing lengannya.

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Mesin 5-Langkah: 700 cc, 130 PS

Mesin 5-langkah, 3 silinder Ilmor yang mampu menghasilkan tenaga 130 PSPrototipe mesin Ilmor 5-langkah yang dipamerkan ke publikMesin 5-langkah Ilmor dilihat dari sisi lainSelain efisien, ukuran mesin 5-langkah Ilmor juga ringkas

Ilmor

Mesin 5-langkah, 3 silinder Ilmor yang mampu menghasilkan tenaga 130 PS.

Berbagai perusahaan rekayasa mesin berusaha membuat sumber penggerak dengan efisien kerja makin tinggi. Targetnya, irit konsumsi bahan bakar dan ramah lingkungan.

Berbagai cara pun dilakukan. Paling populer dan sudah bisa dimanfaatkan saat ini adalah membuat mobil hibrida: mengawinkan motor bakar dengan motor listrik.

Kendati demikian, terutama untuk motor bakar, perusahaan rekayasa terus mengembangkan mesin yang makin efisien. Salah satu yang banyak dibicarakan para ahli teknik dan dipublikasi media otomotif adalah mesin bensin 5-langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Ilmor, Inggris.

Juga dijelaskan, mesin ini dikembangkan dari konsep lima langkah yang ditemukan oleh Gerhard Schmitz.

Reputasi Ilmor memang tidak diragukan lagi. Perusahaan yang sebagian sahamnya dimiliki Mercedes-Benz dan diandalkan sebagai pemasok mesin tim F1 McLaren-Mercedes juga tak henti-hentinya memublikasikan mesin 5-langkah hasil pengembangannya.

Bahkan, mesin ini juga diikutkan pada berbagai pameran agar publik memahami cara kerjanya. Maklum, selama ini mesin yang digunakan secara umum adalah 4 dan 2 langkah.

Kinerja
Setelah mendapatkan perhatian dari media otomotif sejak Mei lalu, minggu pertama Agustus, Ilmor kembali merilis hasil terbaru dari pengembangan mesin 5-langkah tersebut. Dikatakan, kinerja mesin 3 silinder, 700 cc plus turbocharger, kemampuannya luar biasa: tenaga 130 PS dan torsi 165 Nm.

Tanpa memberikan detail, pada putaran berapa tenaga dan torsi tersebut diperoleh, Ilmor malah mengatakan, bila dikembangkan lebih lanjut, terutama bagian katup dan komponen pendukung lainnya, tenaga yang dihasilkan bisa mencapai 150 PS. Hebat!

Cara kerja
Konstruksi mesin sama dengan mesin 4-langkah konvensional. Ada katup dan penggerak katup (poros kem) di kepala silinder, double overhead camshaft (DOHC).

Konfigurasi 3-slinder merupakan bagian langsung dari siklus kerja 5 langkah mesin ini. Silinder tengah, diameternya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan dua lainnya yang berada di sampingnya. Proses kerjanya juga berbeda. Silinder tengah dan pinggir saling berhubungan dengan saluran buang dan isapnya.

Dua silinder pinggir berdiameter sama, melakukan proses kerja 4-langkah konvensional. Adapun silinder tengah bekerja dengan siklus 2-langkah. Silinder pinggir bertekanan tekanan tinggi (high pressure). Sebaliknya, silinder tengah bertekanan rendah (low pressure).

Silinder pinggir secara bergantian menyalurkan gas buangnya ke silinder tengah atau tekanan rendah. Di silinder tengah, gas buang tersebut dibakar lagi dengan siklus kerja dua langkah.

Dengan konfigurasi tersebut, cara menggerakkan katup silinder tekanan tinggi dan rendah berbeda.

Nokken as atau poros kem silinder tengah memiliki putaran yang sama dengan poros engkol (crankshaft). Adapun pada silinder tekanan tinggi, nokken as berputar setengah poros engkol.

Cukup menarik, pada silinder tekanan rendah, perbandingan kompresi dan ekspansi bisa berubah. Dengan cara ini, bisa dipilih perbandingan optimum.

Seefisien diesel
Konsep 5-langkah bekerja dengan perbandingan kompresi tinggi seperti mesin diesel. Karena itu, efisiensi kerjanya sama dengan mesin diesel mutakhir, common rail. Keunggulannya, emisi NOx lebih rendah.

Sebenarnya bila diteliti, konsep dasarnya mirip dengan siklus Atkinson yang digunakan Toyota pada Prius. Dalam hal ini, Toyota lebih unggul dari proses pembuatan mesin karena tetap memanfaatkan teknologi konvensional dan VVT-i.

Kehebatan mesin Ilmor, kendati kapasitasnya 700 cc, kemampuan menghasilkan tenaga sama dengan mesin 1,8 liter 4-langkah. Konsumsi bahan bakar minimum, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) lebih baik dari 215 g/kWh. Mesin ini menggunakan injeksi langsung, plus turbocharger.

Ilmor berharap, mesin ini digunakan pada mobil hibrida, baik yang bekerja secara seri, paralel, atau kombinasi. Sekarang, mesin tersebut akan diujicobakan langsung pada mobil. Ilmor pun gencar mencari mitra OEM sebagai pemasok mesin.

Di lain hal, pengamat teknologi mesin menilai, konstruksi mesin 5-langkah Ilmor ini cukup sederhana. Pasalnya, jumlah silinder dan katup lebih sedikit. Silinder tengah, dengan ekspansi lebih besar, kerugian gesek internalnya lebih rendah. Begitu juga kerugian panasnya. Tinggi efisiensi, jadi lebih baik kerjanya.